Soil is a primary engineering material for road construction and maintenance. Most road authorities successfully identify and manage the physical properties of soil when undertaking road construction and maintenance. However, identification and management of soil chemical properties and soil landscape processes, and in particular, how they may influence road construction and maintenance now, and in the future, is highly variable.
Using soil as an engineering medium requires the removal of biological properties, alteration of chemical properties and reduction/removal of the physical properties (e.g. bulk density, water entry rate, porosity and hydraulic conductivity) of a soil.
However, soil physico-chemical properties may present hazards to engineering, and these risks need to be identified and managed as part of project design, assessment, maintenance and management. Soil chemical properties such as acidity, sodicity and salinity may corrode concrete and steel structures and road furniture or cause land degradation in the area of the road. Assessment of these properties, and the soil and landscape processes that affect them will be essential to the future integrity of road assets.
Soil science and civil engineering, in particular road engineering, are well established disciplines that are applied to a variety of industries. Interactions between soil science and road engineering have predominately occurred in the area of soil physics. This may have resulted in soil science not identifying important issues relevant to engineering, and the civil engineering discipline not adequately assessing and managing one of its primary materials. Using soil as a road engineering material may require the removal of biological properties, alteration of chemical properties and reduction or removal of some of the physical properties, in order for the road asset to meet it's intended design life and cause minimal impact (or vice versa) on the immediate and surrounding landscapes. Consequently, soil science is applicable to road planning and design, material source identification, road construction/maintenance and erosion control and rehabilitation of the road reserve.
1. how soil chemical properties and soil landscape processes may influence road planning and design. This will include how land use adjoining road reserves may influence the design assumptions that are used during road planning and design. For example structure design may need to consider that the soil may be more acidic or saline at some future point in the design life of the structure.
2. solutions, monitoring methodologies and technologies that can be applied to road construction and asset maintenance to address soil properties and therefore minimise road reserve and road asset degradation.
3. importance of co-operation between government agencies and the community in managing the implications of soil chemical properties and soil landscape processes on road infrastructure.
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